开源软件:Spring Statemachine 02:更多功能

Spring Statemachine is a framework for application developers to use state machine concepts with Spring applications.

Posted by Shoukai Huang on September 29, 2018

Spring Statemachine 更多功能

1 功能介绍

1.1 Hierarchical States

通过 withStates() 和 parent() 定义层次状态

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@Configuration
@EnableStateMachine
public class Config2 extends EnumStateMachineConfigurerAdapter<States, Events> {

    @Override
    public void configure(StateMachineStateConfigurer<States, Events> states)
            throws Exception {
        states
            .withStates()
                .initial(States.S1)
                .state(States.S1)
                .and()
                .withStates()
                    .parent(States.S1)
                    .initial(States.S2)
                    .state(States.S2);
    }

}

为了进一步分析层次状态的功能特性,引用了参考手册Showcase的例子,状态图定义如下 statechart2

运行官网示例,得到结果如下

1539185678943

根据测试结果得到初步的理解如下:

  • 初识状态在每次状态变更后生效,进入S0后会自动进入S1,进而进入S11;
  • 当处于子层次(如:S11),事件C发生,因为S11属于S1,满足C条件;
  • 代码测试:当前处于子层次(如:S211),事件G发生,会进入S0,然后根据初识状态进入S2(不是S1,与状态机启动时不一致),状态机有历史状态
  • 利用例子测试会出现,一次事件连续两次进入S1的情况(怀疑为Bug),继续跟踪;
  • 复杂状态机,需要进行全方位测试,确保状态机中未了解特性影响预期结果。

1.2 Using Actions

Action 是与状态机交互和协作的最有用的组件之一。动作可以在状态机中的各个位置执行,并且可以在状态生命周期中执行,例如进入或退出状态或转换期间。基本配置示例:

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@Override
public void configure(StateMachineStateConfigurer<States, Events> states)
        throws Exception {
    states
        .withStates()
            .initial(States.SI)
            .state(States.S1, action1(), action2())
            .state(States.S2, action1(), action2())
            .state(States.S3, action1(), action3());
}
  • action1()在进入States.S1、States.S2和States.S3时生效;
  • action2()在离开States.S1和States.S2时生效;
  • action3()在离开States.S3时生效;

Action的三种使用

用法1:anonymous function

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@Bean
public Action<States, Events> action1() {
    return new Action<States, Events>() {

        @Override
        public void execute(StateContext<States, Events> context) {
        }
    };
}

用法2:own implementation

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@Bean
public BaseAction action2() {
    return new BaseAction();
}

public class BaseAction implements Action<States, Events> {

    @Override
    public void execute(StateContext<States, Events> context) {
    }
}

用法3:SpEL expression

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@Bean
public SpelAction action3() {
    ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
    return new SpelAction(
            parser.parseExpression(
                    "stateMachine.sendEvent(T(org.springframework.statemachine.docs.Events).E1)"));
}

public class SpelAction extends SpelExpressionAction<States, Events> {

    public SpelAction(Expression expression) {
        super(expression);
    }
}

能够发送事件:Events.E1在action中

1.3 Using Guards

Guard是事件的拦截器,根据Guard的判断结果,决定是否执行后续操作,基本配置如下:

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@Override
public void configure(StateMachineTransitionConfigurer<States, Events> transitions)
        throws Exception {
    transitions
        .withExternal()
            .source(States.SI).target(States.S1)
            .event(Events.E1)
            .guard(guard1())
            .and()
        .withExternal()
            .source(States.S1).target(States.S2)
            .event(Events.E1)
            .guard(guard2())
            .and()
        .withExternal()
            .source(States.S2).target(States.S3)
            .event(Events.E2)
            .guardExpression("extendedState.variables.get('myvar')");
}

同Action,也是三种基本用法

用法1:anonymous function

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@Bean
public Guard<States, Events> guard1() {
    return new Guard<States, Events>() {

        @Override
        public boolean evaluate(StateContext<States, Events> context) {
            return true;
        }
    };
}

用法2:own implementation

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@Bean
public BaseGuard guard2() {
    return new BaseGuard();
}

public class BaseGuard implements Guard<States, Events> {

    @Override
    public boolean evaluate(StateContext<States, Events> context) {
        return false;
    }
}

用法2:Expression

通过表达式,判断是否为TRUE

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guardExpression("extendedState.variables.get('myvar')");

2 参考示例